Dear Aubrey, I am happy to support GCI's Contraction and Convergence proposal to the UNFCCC. Best wishes, Dr Carl Knight University of Glasgow What is Grandfathering? There is a notable divide between the allocations emissions rights selected by political actors on the one hand and the allocations defended by political theorists and applied philosophers on the other. This divide is largely explicable in terms of grandfathering, the view that prior emissions increase entitlements to future emissions. Actual allocations of emissions rights, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS), typically include a significant element of grandfathering, as indeed do more practically oriented proposals such as Contraction and Convergence. Yet theorists are dismissive of grandfathering, instead focusing on principles which are arc indifferent to prior emissions, or which treat them as decreasing entitlements. Moderate grandfathering can be combined with basic needs and ability to pay considerations to provide an attractive approach to allocating emissions entitlements.

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