Dear Aubrey Very happy to support this. Best Geoff As the previous section highlighted, there is still some doubt as to whether a carbon market can be designed to generate real carbon reductions. Other alternatives to the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol are proposals for Contraction and Convergence and the Greenhouse Development Rights Framework.  'Contraction and Convergence' is a proposal for an emission allowance on a capitation basis eventually driving to similar levels of carbon allowance (Meyer, 2001). It is based on national allowances and therefore does not consider broader global problems such as development but it Wishes to push for similar carbon allowances for everyone In contrast, the Greenhouse  Development Rights Framework argues that poor people should not be paying for the excesses of the rich (Baer et al 2007). The Future of Energy Use Geoff O'Brien, Phil O'Keefe, Nicola Pearsall